Animal Experiments Essay - 701 Words

Animal Experiments Animal experimentation by scientists can be cruel and unjust, but at the same time it can provide long term benefits for humanity. Animals used in research and experiments have been going on for 2,000 years and keep is going strong. It is a widely debated about topic all over the world. Some say it is inhuman while others say it’s for the good of human kind. There are many different reasons why people perform experiments and why others total disagree with it. Each year 20 million animals are produce and breed for the only purpose but to be tested on. Fifty-three thousands of animals are used each year in medical and veterinary schools. The rest is used in basic research. The demand for animals in the United States†¦show more content†¦There are numerous tests that animals are put through. Toxicity testing or testing determining if a substance is poisonous or not. Animals are exposed to chemicals through inhalation, ingestion, eye contact, and skin contact. They are induced or other words they were normal until a scientist inject chemicals, microorganisms, or other substances into them to produce a disease or to create symptoms of a specific condition. They are put in cages that are covered in their own feces and excrement in small cramped windowless rooms in a laboratory where they know they are going to die. They are bred to die and that’s their only reason they where born on this earth so that the scientists can test the effects of drugs and disease. Scientists actually stand and watch animals die from diseases. They induce hemophilia (excessive bleeding) in dogs, epilepsy (causes seizures) in mice, glaucoma (eye disease) in rabbits, and deafness in cats. There are three main reasons why animals are used in experiments are research on disease, behavior, and education. Research of how the cells function and how disease works. What causes the disease? What can prevent those diseases and how to cure them? Research’s test drugs, chemicals, or products to determine safety and effectiveness. Tested on drugs, discovery new surgery, and to test vaccine or to invent one. They are used in cosmetics to test their efficiency. They are used in the military to test effectsShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation And Animal Experiments1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lights go on and off. (Cruelty to Animals in Laboratories.)† This is the horrifying reality that animals used in animal experiments have to face. Animal experimentation is the use of animals in scientific research. Animals help scientists learn more about diseases that occur in humans and animals. Scientists also use animals to test new treatments, medicines, surgical techniques, and more. Different animals can be used for these experiments and the experiments can sometimes lead to medical and scientificRead MoreAnimal Experiments Or Torture?924 Words   |  4 Pages Experiments or Torture? Imagine being trapped in a cage for a lifetime. Picture being tortured through â€Å"experiments.† This is the life many animals in biomedical research are forced to live . Nowadays, most of the animal experiments are conducted on mice, rats, fish, and other animals that are excluded from the Animal Welfare Act of 1966. Animal experiments cause psychological and physical harm to the animals with a complete lack of respect for their quality of life which is why they mustRead MoreUsage of Animals in Biomedical Experiments1175 Words   |  5 Pagesdid many experiments to test the validity of their theories. Such experiments demanded using animals in testing which proved to be beneficial for ages in spite of the objections it raised among animal protectors. Yet the usage of animals in biomedical experiments has increased significantly over the past decade creating more and constant debate on whether the benefits of these experiments overweigh its drawbacks. Therefore the issu e became one of the most controversial topics. Some animals are beingRead MoreShould Animals Use For The Experiment?1229 Words   |  5 Pages05/09/2017 Should Animals Use for the Experiment? Today s medical advances are updated and developed on the news. However, the information they give to the customer is the final research. As a taboo, previous trials conducted on animals will not be mention on the package. The sacrifice is the life of animals, finances, even including the adverse effects on patients when the results on humans are entirely different from those predictable on animal models. I do not agree with animal experiment because itRead MoreAnimal Testing And Biological Experiments1308 Words   |  6 PagesAnimals, humans, alike are thinking breathing and emotional creatures that habit this beautiful Earth. Every year over 100 million animals die from animal testing and biological experiments (Peta.) Animals may not be able to reason or talk, but they can suffer. They feel pain and fear similarly to the way humans do, in fact their reactions to pain are almost identical. Therefore should not be taken advantage of or used as test dummies. The consequence of testi ng on animals for the greater good doesRead MoreA Research Experiment On Animal Research1353 Words   |  6 Pagesillness or the life of an animal. What are your thoughts right now? The cure or the animal? That cure you need for your child s’ illness was tested on animals in a biomedical research experiment. Hearing this might change someone s mind about animal research. Most people would choose the cure for their child and forget about the animal. The process of biomedical animal research is beneficial to the process of medical research and should be used in the experimental process. Animals themselves are veryRead MoreAnimals in Medical Experiments Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal experimentation has been credited for the medicines made to assist diabetes, vaccines for smallpox, deep brain stimulation for parkinson’s disease, and many more along with millions of dollars spent on failed experiments, millions of animal deaths a year, misleading data and an overall bigger loss than gain. The main point of animal testing is to benefit the safety and overall health of humans, but testing on non humans to learn about humans doesn’t contribute to the cause. Humans have theRead More Experiments on Animals Should Not be Banned Essay2687 Words   |  11 PagesExperiments on Animals Should Not be Banned (word count includes paper outline) Technology and animal testing have provided the human population with many advancements in the past century. Every opportunity to embrace these advancements should be used for the betterment of the human population. It is often an argument based on personal opinion, but once the facts are analyzed, the affirmatives of animal testing outweigh the rationale for banning animal testing. The study ofRead MoreShould We Use Animals For Experiments?1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, people think of using animals for an experiment is an awful thing to do. It may seem to be disturbed to some people, but it helped medical researchers to figure out and create new medicines to cure the illnesses that have not a cure yet. How could animals help us with the experiment? If we cannot use animals, then what or who could replace them? Should we use humans for experiments? Until now, people still argue whether we should stop using animals for experiments or not. What people must understandRead MoreShould Animals Be Used For Scientific Experiments?1189 Words   |  5 Pagesexample, where a man’s best friend was used in scientific experiments that led to the discovery of insulin for diabetes, and saved millions of lives (MacGill: par. 1, 2016). So, where do we draw the line from justifying the use of animals for scientific research to benefit man, to giving them the rig ht to live life alongside man? This brings up the debate: should animals be used in scientific experiments (â€Å"†¦procedures performed on living animals for purposes of research into basic biology and diseases

Discrimination Free Essays

It is about difference, and its value is the richness and variety that different people bring to society. There are so many ways in which people differ from each other. Examples are: Appearance-ability Gender-Talent Race-Beliefs Culture Equality: -Promotion of individual rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is about treating people fairly, regardless of their differences by ensuring that they have access to the same life opportunities as everyone else. People have equal opportunities as everyone else. People have equal opportunities for everything. Examples: -Equal wages for the employees with same qualification, experience doing the same job. Bonus is fixed according to proper performance based measurements. Inclusion: It is about ensuring that there are no barriers that would exclude people or make it difficult for them to fully participate in society. People must be included in all aspects of life, not excluded from some of them because of an illness or disability. Example: – Providing a ramp to give wheelchair access too building. -Providing information in a range of languages and in audio format. Discrimination: Discriminate people on the grounds of age, gender, race, sexuality or ability can damage persons self esteem and reduce their ability to develop and maintain a sense of identity. When people are affected by discrimination they experience anger, humiliation, frustration and a feeling of hopelessness. They are made to feel worthless and at less value than others. Examples When weekly menus are being planned at a day centre, if no account is taken of the religious and cultural needs of people, you should challenge this and suggest changes. When individuals are affected by discrimination, they experience anger, humiliation, frustration and a feeling of hopelessness. They are made to feel worthless and of less value than others. Their families could feel the impact experienced by the individuals. Families could feel that they are treated in the same way as others and would feel that they do not live in a equal society. Wider society the discomfort, awkwardness, lost opportunities. This feeling could be reflected in various unhappy events in a society. It can include certain revolts and non participation in public responsibilities. Those who discriminate will have the side effects of false superiority, and may be ashamed if challenged. Promoting active participation- Active participation allows individual to realize their value and reduce isolation in such a way that an individual can gain self esteem which helps to reduce any form of abuse and discrimination. Quick and effective complaint procedure-Quick, serious, and effective complaint procedure helps to let individual to know that how seriously the act has taken and the consequences of discrimination and it restrains people to engage. Meetings and discussion: It helps to increase awareness and carefulness to discriminatory acts. Discussion and exercising this issue in day to day talks will help individual to challenge discrimination. Task B A social care worker must follow the legislation and cod of practice. There are so many Acts for the diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. They are: Equal pay Act 1970 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race relation Act 1976 Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 and 2005 Employment Equality Regulation 2006 Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 Equality Act 2006 Every social care worker must have a right to follow the legislation and code of practice. If we do not comply with any of the above laws, we can be answerable ICQ and it can lead to eventual disciplinary action and suspension from the place of work. C Inclusive practice means supporting diversity by accepting to welcome people’s differences and promote equality by ensuring equal opportunities for all. In health care sector we demonstrate inclusive practice by recognizing respect, value and make most of all, aspects of diversity. Through share decision making, effective immunization and promoting dignity and respect, giving choices and rights are the ways of promoting equality. It is important to be aware about diversity, equality and inclusion. We can raise awareness by advertising in notice board. Another way to raise awareness is to attend courses to increase the knowledge and awareness. Task C Each and every person has different personal preferences, attitudes, heritage and beliefs. It may vary from person to person and depends upon the culture of the people. The fact that I am an Indian my personal beliefs about food, culture, marriage ND religion will be different compared with a person brought up in I-J. I think that it is difficult to compare someone brought up in India with someone brought up in I-J. Still I am looking after the people in I-J and I am working in a care sector. I have to recognize and respect people’s beliefs and preferences. My work setting should be a place in which diversity and differences are acknowledged and respected. One of the hardest things is to acknowledge our own prejudices and how they affect what we do at work. Prejudices are a result of our own beliefs and values and may often come into conflict with work situations. There is nothing wrong with having our beliefs and values. Everyone has beliefs and values and they play a vital role in what I am. I must be aware of them and how they may affect what I do at work. Exploring our own behavior is never easy and you need good support from either you supervisor or close friends to do it. You may be upset by what you find out about someone of our attitudes but knowing about them and acknowledging them is the first step of doing something about them. As a care worker it will be easier to make ere that you are practicing effectively with regular reviews. The confidence at work can be explicit in your own practices and attitudes. Once we are aware of our own beliefs and values and have recognized how important they are, we must be ready to accept the beliefs and values of others. The people we work with are different and so it is important to recognize and accept the diversity. We have to make sure that we always respond to people in a respectful way which ensures that they are valued. We need to understand what happens when people are not valued or respected. It is also important that we recognize the ways in which good practice helps to protect people from discrimination and exclusion. People should make choices about how they want to live their lives. Promoting equality and right is supported by the practical steps that we can take in day to day working activities to give people more choices and opportunities to take decisions about their own lives. Respecting people and valuing them as individuals is always going to be an important factor in promoting self esteem and well being. We have to make sure that our practice is inclusive and follow the policies and procedures of a care home. The national occupational standards define active support as working in a way that recognizes people have the right to take part in the activities and relationships of every day life as independently as they can. It supports them by helping with what they really manage to do themselves. We have to remember that we get regular feed back from people we support, colleagues as well as from our supervisor. Inclusive practices are varied, but broadly it is about ensuring that there are no arises that would exclude people or make it difficult for them to fully participate in society. People must be included in all aspects of life not excluded from some of them because of an illness or disability. Inclusive practice is about providing the support that people want in order to live their lives as fully as possible. Examples of inclusive practices Providing a ramp to give wheelchair access to a building. Providing information in a range of languages and in audio format. Overall practicing in an inclusive way means constantly asking what changes need to e done so that a particular person can participate and then doing whatever is within our areas of responsibility to make those changes happen. When we follow inclusive practice we have to follow the laws, national standards and code of practice, guidelines and polices. Now we have to understand that control to take decision is in the hands of people who are using the support services and they must be able to make choices about how, when and what level they want to be active participants in society. My nursing home arranged a day trip to Kendal for shopping and we could not take students who were using wheel chair because our trip was in a mini bus which cannot access wheelchair users. So it was a discrimination of wheelchair users. Actually we had to plan early for the trip and arrange facility to wheel chair access. We had planned a trip to visit a museum and we could not take a category of people with disabilities (dementia) due to the fact that it was situated where we could not take them. We had promised that we would take them for the trip. I think that it was a discriminatory practice. We could have found a place where everyone would have How to cite Discrimination, Papers Discrimination Free Essays string(145) " to the Territorial Application of all ECHR provisions is that it should be ratified by the by the member states that wish for it to be applied\." The European Convention on Human rights is a treaty that was created to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. The treaty was created by the Council of Europe in hopes that atrocities that affect human lives are prevented and protected under the law. This is due to Post World War II events where the European states had to suffer unrest due to economic and social reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such the European convention was created in order to prevent similar instances of these events through the protection of the social and individual rights of individuals. The convention is separated into three main sections. The first section is the declaration of the rights and freedoms that member states will be upholding. Section two creates a system for its implementation and section three primarily discusses prescribed ways in order to develop, maintain and further human rights. This paper focuses on issues of discrimination that is affected by the convention.. Discrimination in general means the unfair treatment based on prejudice or preconceived ideas without the knowledge or examination. After the world war, Europe was divided and discrimination was rampant. Conflicts arose among the population since they discriminated against each other creating a chaotic environment that has been seen to be detrimental to the state. Discrimination of all kinds are prohibited under the convention since it causes various problems if practiced by government units. Discrimination according to the ECHR â€Å"The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social in origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.† Here we see that the analysis of the above provision that it generally prohibits discrimination of any kind based on their sex, race,   colour, language, religion , political or other opinions, national or social origins, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status. It essentially means that you will not be discriminated upon because of your person. No matter if an individual is male or female, whatever nationality or ethno linguistic group individual appears to be, no matter the colour of the skin, whatever language used, whatever religious affiliations or beliefs, no matter what an individual’s views and beliefs in life are, no matter what their social standing may be, no matter the circumstances of their birth or any other status that pertains to the personal identity of the person they are insured of being protected by the convention. This means that one will be treated based on what they are (citizens of the world) what they have done and not based on who they appear to be or based on biases of preconceptions. (Davis) The above line is Article 14 of the European Convention of Human Rights. It explicitly prohibits the instances of discrimination of any kind. It is mainly flawed because it does not assert that the right to the protection against discrimination in a general scope. It only insures the protection from discrimination with regards to other rights included in the convention. It does not insure universal protection against the discrimination only but only for those rights provided in the ECHR. If the discrimination does not affect any of the ECHR rights, then the protection of discrimination does not take effect, no matter how bad the discrimination may be. The ECHR, recognizing the weakness of this provision, ratified Protocol No. 12 which extends the scope of Article 14. Protocol no. 12 states that: (1)  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The enjoyment of any right set forth by the law shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority property, birth or status. (2)  Ã‚  Ã‚   No one shall be discriminated against by any public authority on any ground such as those mentioned in paragraph 1 Protocol 12 is a freestanding provision to protect individuals from discrimination –  · In enjoying any right within national law  · By public authorities carrying out their legal obligations, including when using discretionary powers such as grant making.  · Any other act, or failure to act, by a public authority.† Protocol no. 12 was ratified to be part of the ECHR after the Council of Europe’s 10 member states have ratified it in order for it to take effect. However it seems as though the UK government is not too keen about this protocol as they have yet to ratify the protocol. The UK government had already shown support for Protocol 12 but says that is not yet the time for it. On the other hand, UK has already passed the Human Rights Act of 1998 that also extends the scope of the provisions of the ECHR, though only making it more available to the people within their state. They are still, however, still limited by the same limitations as the ECHR. Discrimination in the ECHR also has elements to be considered. First is that another particular right ensured in the ECHR must first be breached and the second is that there must be no â€Å"objective and reasonable justification† or that there is no â€Å"reasonable relationship of proportionality between the means employed and the aim sought to be realized†. This means that the protection against discrimination must be raised only if one of the rights ensured in the ECHR is breached or violated. The claimant must then first prove that there is a breach upon at least one of the rights in the ECHR. The other element is that the claimant must also prove they have been given separate treatment than what would those who have experienced the same situation. The alleged discriminatory act must also not have any reason(s) for a person to be discriminated against in order for the case to be recognized by the courts. (Human Rights Case Digest) Territorial Application of ECHR (Article 56) The most important part to remember with regards to the Territorial Application of all ECHR provisions is that it should be ratified by the by the member states that wish for it to be applied. You read "Discrimination" in category "Papers" This means that they first need to accept the provisions of the ECHR before they are to implement it. Another is that ratification of the ECHR is also subject to the rules, regulations and policies of the local states where it has been ratified. This essentially means that the respective states have the authority to apply discretionary powers of their governments with regard to their own laws and regulations. Territorial Application also requires that the states who have ratified this convention must recognize the capabilities and the competence of the body created to manage and hear issues regarding the provisions of ECHR. The provisions are also affects not only the nation state that ratified it but also with regards to other states with which they have diplomatic relations with. UK on the other hand, created a law that incorporated the ECHR into their national laws. This is the Human rights act of 1998. This law also gave the UK local courts the authority to hear human rights cases within their territories and decide on these cases basing it on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. (Davis) UK, and all the other members of the Council of Europe, was given the authority not to adhere to certain provisions of the ECHR. This is under article 57 of the ECHR entitled â€Å"Reservations†. The Article 57 is a provision of the ECHR that gives the states whose laws and local regulations are in conflict with one of the provisions of ECHR are allowed to maintain their laws but under the notion that not the general ideas and principles of the Convention. This gave the UK the power not to accept protocol 12 where they have justified their reasons for not doing so. This is a power that was given to all member states. (Davis) UK and Protocol 12: Justification for non-ratification UK said that Protocol 12 is not realistic and not practical to be implemented because of three main reasons. The first one is that there is a vague definition of the scope of this law. They say that the exact scope of the statement, â€Å"rights set forth by law†. The second reason is that the Protocol does not recognize the European Court of Human Rights case law since it does not allow for â€Å"objectivity and reasonably justified distinctions† and the third reason is that they say that Protocol 12 â€Å"does not make Provision for positive measures†. This means that the UK government does not see any textual reference to a government’s action to permit positive and proportional action to determine the best action to enforce anti-discrimination practices. Everyone has the right to be protected from any form of discrimination but the ECHR focuses (but not limited to) on state-individual relations which means that they focus on cases which involves the states and individuals who claim to have been discriminated against. The reason for this is because of its aim to protect individuals from the state discrimination. They are principles that adhere to the protection of the right to freedom, liberty, property and equality among the people. Perhaps this could be better explained by the passage: â€Å"All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.† (Baker) This passage summarizes the underlying principle behind the effectivity of ECHR article 14. A government or public institution should not choose who to serve because they should serve without bias or discrimination among them. Although there are cases in which the government has the discretion to determine those who they may or may not serve. These instances include when it is in accordance to public policy, during instances of war or the government has decided that the suspension of the right against discrimination is will be beneficial to the state. These instances vary but usually always include the threat to national security. [8] The Concept of Equality; Analysis The Concept of Equality is the main reason for the implementation of this particular article. It provides that all men are created equal under the law, with the same rights and obligations that bind them with the state and the law that govern them. They are all given the same rights and freedoms as the other and the government becomes an impartial servant for its constituents to protect and preserve those rights and freedoms. The government, being the body that protects its constituents must remain impartial and aim to serve the people as best as it. The number of people they serve are among the millions and they are all different individuals, they believe in different things, they follow different cultures, they wear different clothes and they may also speak different languages. The only thing that should matter to the government is that they are all its constituents. They all deserve to be treated the same way as everyone else. The negative thing about the concept of discrimination is that it is not based on facts rather, it is based on hearsay and gossip which may or may not be true at all. It also generalizes the population and creates a certain feeling of superiority and inferiority. It also creates an illusion of â€Å"them and us† in which people are matched against people widening the gap between them to the point that they may no longer be able to work together. Discrimination creates conflict among the individuals who practice them.   It creates a division among the people and makes them go into a cycle of hate. They inflict upon each other unnecessary pain that is difficult to heal. Discrimination eventually leads to anger, hate and violence that could cause the lives of thousands and millions of people. In the issue of Nation Building, discrimination would prevent the development of a dominant national identity especially in countries such as the United Kingdom who are blessed with various cultures, peoples, beliefs traditions and ways of thinking. If everyone discriminated against everyone then they would not be able to do anything together. Nothing would be done. Everyone would just be stuck fighting one another. It becomes the government’s job to prevent such instances from happening in order to keep government functioning smoothly. In order to do so, it must first establish a culture of thinking and acting objectively in order to better serve the people. The government becomes a role model to follow when it comes to treating other people†¦ Conclusion The idea of the protection against non-discrimination is a concept based on unity and equality. The government (and all the peoples of the world) should all recognize the importance of the provision and its impact in both national and personal life. This protection and prohibition against discrimination offers each individual the chance to grow with the same opportunities that is given by their states, rights and freedoms. How to cite Discrimination, Papers

Quality Management Toys Ltd

Question: Discuss about theQuality Management for Toys Ltd. Answer: Introduction Toys Ltd. should implement in order to achieve higher results in its sales improving sales performance force performance, and also to explore how these improvements should be implemented. Toys Ltd. is a middle size private owned enterprise that was established in 1990 with the acquiring of facilities in Cyprus. The company is merchandising over 3000 different products in toys area per year and it is ranked as relative one of the Middle-size Wholesalers in Cyprus. More specifically, Toys toys main domain is to import selected toys from factories mainly in China (also it imports products from Italy, Turkey and Germany) and then storage them (Coelho, 2016). The sales team comes then and it promotes all of the products to costumers mainly in Cyprus in wholesalers and final retailers. Academic, researchers and consultants support that key elements for the improvement of the sales operations of a firm include development of an effective reward system, completion of training sessions, colla boration between sales and marketing departments, and adoption of relationship marketing strategies, which concentrate in long-term relationships and profitability. After the analysis of the current situation of the company and its business environment it was found that, Toys Ltd. implements a tactic that is volume oriented. Moreover, the company does not organize training session for its sales personnel and has not created a marketing department. Besides that, improving sales performance the educational background of the stuff is weak. All these weaknesses make the firm less competitive. The conduction of the external analysis indicated that GDP growth and consumption rate are declining, specifying the weak foundation of the Greek economy. In the same length, birth rate is also declining, and this fact reduces the target audience and sales performance of the firm (Thomas, 2013). Analysis also showed that toy market is characterized by high concentration; more specifically, the leader of the market (Jumbo) holds the 36 % of the market. Hence, large competitors have better negotiation power resulting in the offering of better promotions and lower prices. Finally, analysis showed that Cyprus retail sector is declining following the trend of the other sectors of the economy. After the analysis of the academic literature and the external and internal environment of Toys Ltd., some recommendation could be sketched (Ni, Flynn Jacobs, 2016). First, Toys Ltd. should establish a marketing department, which will be responsible to assemble and analyze market data (market share, competitors share, retail sector evolution, customers data etc.); create and develop communication campaigns; support salespersons to develop their customer base, and maintain the good and profitable relationships with the loyal customers of the firm. Moreover, the duties of the marketing department will focus on the establishment of the brand of the company. Secondly, Toys Ltd. can focus in new product categories such as electrical and high tech games, which illustrate high growth. Thirdly, Toys Ltd. should make some improving sales performance improvements it its recruiting system focusing in education background and working experience. In the same length, the firm should introduce training session for sales representatives concerning sales and key account management. Finally, taking advantage of digital technologies, Toys Ltd. should develop a CRM strategy in order to develop long term profitable relationships with retailers and wholesalers. This strategy includes three basic steps: 1) acquire the customer, 2) retain the customer in the company, and 3) extend the relationship resulting in augmented purchases and profits (Tan, Tse Chen, 2014). Reference List Coelho, C. M. (2016).Science4you in UK: a toy story(Doctoral dissertation). Ni, J., Flynn, B. B., Jacobs, F. R. (2016). The effect of a toy industry product recall announcement on shareholder wealth.International Journal of Production Research,54(18), 5404-5415. Tan, K. H., Tse, Y. K., Chen, J. (2014). Quality risk in global supply networks.Global Supply Chain Quality Management: Product Recalls and Their Impact, 47. Thomas, V. (2013). Playing at the crossroads.

Psychological Disorder Analysis free essay sample

Psychological Disorder Analysis Iris Sally July 19, 2010 PSY/270 Joan Rachmel Many people suffer from psychological disorders. Psychological disorders interfere with an individuals ability to function normally in society. Marla is a 42-year-old Hispanic female who comes to the mental health clinic complaining of trouble sleeping, feeling jumpy all of the time, and an inability to concentrate. These symptoms are causing problems for her at work, where she is an accountant. Based on the background information that Marla provided, Marla appears to be suffering from adult ADHD. ADHD, usually occurs in begins in childhood, but some children who suffer from ADHD have symptoms that persist into adulthood. People who suffer from ADHD are characterized as having great difficulty attending to tasks or [they] behave over actively and impulsively, or both (Comer, 2007, p. 428). Marlas feelings of being jumpy all the time is a major symptom of ADHD, which characterizes her as being overactive and impulsive. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Disorder Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She also has trouble concentrating because of constant movement and an inability to pay attention. In arriving at a diagnosis, I considered the following questions: 1. Please tell me about yourself including your social environment and any other important aspects of your life? While Marla’s social environment is unknown, many adults who suffer from ADHD have friends and family. Marla has trouble coping with daily life because her ADHD has been hindering her ability to focus, and therefore interrupting the things that are important in her life. 2. What prompted you to seek therapy? Marla, like many individuals who decide to seek therapy, decide to seek therapy because of their inability to concentrate and the impulsivity/hyperactivity is affecting their work life. Also, Marla has difficulty sleeping, sometimes a symptom of ADHD, which may be caused by her hyperactivity or impulsivity. It is difficult for many individuals with ADHD to lie still and get comfortable enough to fall asleep and stay asleep, because of the incessant urge to constantly move around or fidget excessively, a common symptom of ADHD. 3. How would you describe yourself growing up? As a child, Marla may have suffered from many of the same symptoms she is currently battling in adulthood because ADHD usually begins in childhood and progresses to adolescence and in Marlas case, into adulthood. For the diagnosis to be given to an adult, the individual must have symptoms which began in childhood and are ongoing up to the present (Martin, 2007). Therefore, all adults who suffer from ADHD developed the symptoms in childhood. As an individual like Marla grows into adolescence and even further into adulthood, the symptoms of over activity and impulsivity become less apparent. The decrease of intensity in the ADHD symptoms may make the symptoms easier for individuals like Marla to handle, but they still affect the persons life. . What are your expectations of therapy? Marla is probably hoping that therapy will help her to overcome the issues she is currently facing because she can learn new techniques that will help her feel less jumpy and be able to concentrate more when she is at work. Techniques taught in behavioral therapies can help Marla gain more control over her actions, so that she can better deal with her hyperactivity or impulsivity. 5. Can you think of any one event t hat precipitated this onslaught? Marlas current state of mind can reveal several things including that she may be stressed with some of the events that are occurring in her life. Even though the onset of ADHD is in childhood, high levels of stress have been cited as one of the major contributing factors of ADHD, along with biological causes (abnormalities in certain regions of the brain have been implicated most often) and family dysfunction (Comer, 2007, p. 429). Certain events may have occurred in Marlas personal or professional life that has made her abnormal behavior more apparent to her. 6. What made you anxious today, yesterday? Since ADHD is often times brought on by stress, something dramatic and stress inducing such as daily life hassles, including working, dealing with her family, and taking care of herself, could all have raised Marlas stress levels. 7. Does anyone else in your family suffer from feelings such as you are experiencing? More and more adults are starting to realize that the symptoms of ADHD they see in their children are behaviors theyve been living with since their own childhood. ADHD can run in families. Some studies indicate that 25% of close relatives of kids with ADHD also have this neurological disorder. For parents, that number is even higher: In children with ADHD, more than 50% of the time at least one parent has ADHD, too. 8. Do you think badly of yourself for being this way? Children with ADHD often feel badly about themselves. They might think theyre stupid, naughty, bad or a failure. Not surprisingly, their self-esteem takes a battering and they find it hard to think anything positive or good about him or her self. Most people who discover they have ADHD, whether children or adults, have suffered a great deal of pain. The emotional experience of ADHD is filled with embarrassment, humiliation, and self-castigation. By the time the diagnosis is made, many adults with ADHD have lost confidence in themselves. 9. Is there anyone in your life that you confide in, or have opened up to in the past? Educating your loved ones about ADD/ADHD and the ways in which it affects your social skills and interpersonal behaviors can help alleviate a lot of conflict and blame. If you are working hard at your end to learn strategies to improve your social skills, your friends and family may be more willing to give you a little extra wiggle room if they know what you’re dealing with. 0. Please tell me about your upbringing. Did you think you were â€Å"popular† growing up? People like Marla, who suffer from adult ADHD usually reports feelings of isolation in childhood because they had few friends. Their hyperactivity and their inability to focus for long periods at a time on a given task made it difficult to form lasting friendships. These individuals like Marla, also felt disconnected from their peers as they were ridiculed and were often scolded by their teachers for being difficult pupils. Children with ADHD do not sit down for long periods at a time in the classroom and their constant movements make them disruptive in class. Often, these children are reported by their teachers to their mothers. Also, they feel like they are not smart in school because they may have gotten bad grades because of their disruptive behavior and their inability to focus on schoolwork. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that interferes with an individuals ability to focus, to be quiet or sit still, and to be calm. Children or adults who have ADHD are constantly on the move and they are unable to sit quietly or relax. Research suggests that 3-7% of children suffer from ADHD (Faces of Abnormal Psychology Interaction, 2007). Most of the children that suffer from ADHD are males. A diagnosis of ADHD requires that the symptoms of the disorder are interfering with a persons ability to be productive or effective in their life. There are three subcategories of ADHD that include: predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, predominantly inattentive type, and the combined type. Individuals who suffer from the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD are overactive, spontaneous, speak and move excessively, and have difficulties following instructions. Individuals who suffer from the predominantly inattentive kind of ADHD have difficulties concentrating, focusing on tasks, and avoiding distractions. With the combined type of ADHD, individuals display both the impulsive-hyperactive symptoms and the inattention symptoms. ADHD makes it difficult for children and adults to have solid social lives. Sufferers of the disorder often report that they have few friends and that they are harassed at school. Research shows that ADHD is excessively diagnosed in the U. SA, which may lead to children and even adults being over-medicated. The use of Ritalin, the main drug used to treat ADHD, has risen tremendously since the early nineties. To combat problems of over-diagnosis, it is recommended that children are well observed by medical and mental health professionals. The use of other therapy procedures involves teaching both the parents of ADHD children and the children themselves how to cope with ADHD. For instance, behavioral therapy procedures are teaching parents how to use good and bad reward techniques to train their children how to behave appropriately. For instance, when children sit and behave themselves, they will be receive good rewards from their parents and when they are overactive and disruptive, they will not be rewarded because of their display of bad behavior. The most effective drugs used to treat ADHD are stimulants, which include Ritalin and other stimulant drugs, like Aderall and Concerta. Ritalin is the most popular drug used to treat ADHD. Ritalin has a calming effect in children and adults, making it easier for them to complete certain tasks and decreasing hyperactivity or impulsivity. However, there is a lot of controversy surrounding Ritalin with many clinicians arguing that it is over prescribed because of its effectiveness against ADHD. Marla, who suffers from adult ADHD, which is very similar to childhood ADHD, would also be prescribed a stimulant, like Strattera, a newer drug used to treat ADHD, which would decrease her over activity and help lessen her insomnia. ADHD is a difficult disorder to live with. Anyone who suffers from this disorder may have difficulty in their social life and is unable to complete simple tasks because they cannot focus, or even sit still long enough to focus. However, modern drug therapies, like Ritalin are available to help and give young children and adults the ability to gain some control of their life. Also, therapies combined with prescription drugs are an even more effective treatment method to combat the problems of impulsivity, over activity, and inattention. References

Jackson vs. Dickinson Essay Example

Jackson vs. Dickinson Essay Example Jackson vs. Dickinson Paper Jackson vs. Dickinson Paper A very characteristically Southern duel between Andrew Jackson and Charles Dickinson. Charles Dickinson, 27 years old and having had a few drinks in him, made some â€Å"uncomplimentary remarks about Rachel Jackson, Andrew’s Wife, who was the subject of much gossip (Williams, p. 18). † The reaction was predictable, the next day Andrew Jackson confronted Dickinson, who attempted to no avail to apologize and found himself facing off against Jackson on â€Å"the field of honor† in May of 1806. According to William’s account, Dickinson aimed and did successfully wound Jackson in the chest. Old Hickory, however, lived up to his name and did not fall when struck. He clutched the wound, took one shot that failed to discharge his weapon and then a Second that killed Dickinson. Clay vs. Randolph On Saturday, April 8, 1825, Henry Clay and John Randolph squared off in Virginia over the latter’s support for John Quincy Adams and Clay’s having insulted Randolph for it. Randolph had a reputation for being a deadly-accurate marksman and it was assumed among most Washington officials that Clay would not survive the encounter. What followed was as farcical as any duel could have been. Randolph’s pistol discharged before the duel was underway. Clay, not satisfied, insisted that they carry though. The duel was held at thirty-steps distance, apparently beyond the marksmanship skills of either duelist. Clay shot and hit the ground, Randolph managed to hit a tree stump. Still, despite the urging of a Second, they insisted on carrying through. The third attempt was slightly more impressive, Clay managed to penetrate Randolph’s coat. Randolph, according to the Code Duello, now had the right to fire upon Clay. After stretching out the moment, apparently for maximum dramatic impact, he opted to fire into the air, against the rules of the Code Duello. Clay inquired whether he had injured Mr. Randolph’s to which Randolph replied â€Å"No, Mr. Clay. But you owe me a new coat. † (Kentucky, 2005)

American Healthcare System and the Rights of Trans People

American Healthcare System and the Rights of Trans People Trans healthcare rights are becoming more and more prominent in the United States; not only is there a push for coverage of hormones and surgery but also is pushing for an overhaul of how we approach our health care in general. â€Å"Transgender people face massive and systemic discrimination within the health care system. From instances of humiliation and degradation to outright refusals to provide care, the health care system presents a minefield of discrimination for transgender people seeking to access care† (TLDEF, 2014). Currently one must be diagnosed with Gender Identity Disorder (GID) by a therapist to be given hormone injections and other treatment. To ask a person to admit something is mentally wrong with them is humiliating and degrading. Rather than face abuse and humiliation many trans* people seek alternative ways of receiving treatment. This is no doubt related to the increasing number of trans* people, especially trans* women, being diagnosed with HIV and AIDS. 2.64 percent of trans people are infected with HIV, which is more than four times the national average rate of 0.6 percent in the general population. (Moskowitz, 2010). â€Å"Where transgender people cannot access health care in a safe and non-discriminatory manner, they often will find what they need outside the mainstream health care system. The use of â€Å"street† hormones, with little direction or medical supervision, is one way that transgender people get what they need when they opt out of the mainstream health care system. Such hormones are often unsafe and unclean, and can seriously harm those who use them. When such hormones are injected, the risk of transmission of HIV and other blood borne pathogens through needle sharing is ever-present† (TLDEF, 2014). Trans* people often experience body dysphoria, a chronic mental illness where the person experiences an incongruity between the way they perceive their body and the way it is in reality. â€Å"For trans people, this can (but doesn’t always) include varying degrees, permutations and combinations of feelings and discomfort around the unwanted presence of breasts and the desire for a penis, testicles and a masculine, virilized body by many trans men, or the unwanted presence of a penis and testicles and desire for breasts and a less virilized, more feminine body by many trans women† (American Trans Man, 2012). It is important to not a trans* person is not born one way and is becoming the other. To a trans* person they’ve always been the gender they identify as, they just don’t have a body that matches. Research has overwhelmingly shown that members of the LGBT+ community are more prone to anxiety and depression. An alarming 41% of trans* people in the United States have attempted to commit suicide. Often being misgendered can be triggering and upsetting for a trans* person. â€Å"LGBT people face: Higher rates of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and phobic disorders, suicidality, self-harm, and substance use among LGBT people Double the risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than heterosexual people LGBT youth and trans people face increased risk. For example: LGBT youth face approximately 14 times the risk of suicide and substance abuse than heterosexual peers 77% of trans respondents in an Ontario-based survey had seriously considered suicide and 45% had attempted suicide Trans youth and those who had experienced physical or sexual assault were found to be at greatest risk† (Canadian Mental Health Association, 2014). In some cases surgery and other treatments should be considered life saving and preventive due to the high suicide risk. It is currently very hard to get health care coverage for reassignment surgery as they are seen as elective; however, in many cases regarding trans* prisoners, courts have ruled in their favor. In 2012, a Massachusetts judged ruled in favor for an inmate’s reassignment surgery. â€Å"Chief Judge Mark L. Wolf ruled that sex reassignment surgery is the only adequate treatment for Kosilek, and that there is no less intrusive means to correct the prolonged violation of Kosileks Eighth Amendment right to adequate medical care’† (Kim, 2012). Not only is there a high suicide risk among trans* people, there is also a staggering number of assaults and and sexual assaults. â€Å"A 2009 University of California, Irvine study of prison inmates in California found that a transgender inmate is 13 times more likely to be sexually assaulted than the average inmate, adding on to security concerns above medical ones† (Kim, 2012). This surgery allowed the prisoner to then be transferred to the prison of their identified gender. â€Å"Health care for trans people is a necessity. It is not elective, it is not cosmetic, it is life-saving† (Cox, 2014). Trans* people experience discrimination disproportionately to the rest of the LGB+ community. Being in a body where you feel like you’re a stranger†¦ Where you feel like you don’t belong and having to deal with that plus the onslaught of transphobia and discrimination is more than anyone should have to bear. We need not just a health care system, but a world where trans* people feel included and welcomed.

Funeral Customs of Hispanics and Italians Essay

Funeral Customs of Hispanics and Italians - Essay Example As well, in some cultures, men and women are treated differently. In order to come to a more clear and knowledgeable understanding on this subject matter, we will be thoroughly investigating and appropriating the funeral customs of two cultures in particular: Hispanics and Italians. The aim of this paper is to thoroughly discuss all of the key elements involved in Hispanic and Italian funerals; the customs, the beliefs, the traditions, as well as any and all other key elements in regards to this. By doing this, we will come to a more intellectual and understanding viewpoint on the issue at hand. This is what will be dissertated in the following. According to the U.S. Census 2000, the largest minority population belongs to people of Hispanic origin. Although this population might share the same language - Spanish - they might be of any race. Furthermore, their spiritual belief systems might vary depending upon their current or historic country of origin. Therefore, as they plan for honoring the departure of their loved ones, cultural differences will often times emerge and will therefore need to be considered. Hispanics are often more accepting of death because it is such a part of their religion and heritage. In fact, Mexico and Puerto Rico observe The Day of the Dead each year. Like African Americans, for example, Hispanics express their grief openly at funerals, with most customs following the Orthodox-Catholic service. Some, however, reflect earlier influences. "For example, small yellow flowers strewn about the house or on the path to the cemetery mirror Aztec traditions for Mexican Americans." (Planner, 2006). In regards to Italian funeral customs, there are few similarities with many more significant differences. The Italian village system of behavior surrounding death and burial has endured through the Italians' emigration, with the most striking characteristic of the persisting funeral pattern being that of the fact that the pattern itself is in fact borrowed. The rural Italian family will deprive itself of limited comforts and will sacrifice any small reserve it might have accumulated in order to pay for the funeral expenses including new clothes for the deceased. "In fact, behavior surrounding death and burial so permeates daily life in the rural south that the peasants may be described as 'death oriented'." (Moss & Thompson, 1959, pp.35-41). Funeral expenditures are considered to be a necessity, however regardless of disproportion to the other expenses of life. In order to calm the soul, useful objects such as cigarettes and matches and small change are placed near the body, and objects which the deceased had been particularly fond of are sent with him in the casket. "If something of importance was forgotten it would often be sent in the casket of another villager who died later with hope that the two souls would meet." (Mathias, n.d.). As well, in order that the soul would not be able to find its way back into the house if it returned, the body was always carried out by the feet first; by not seeing the door as it left it would not be able to locate it again later. Once the funeral itself is over, the mattress of the deathbed is taken out and washed and a meal is brought from a neighbor's house for the family and close friends. It is with this meal that the acts directly concerned with the funeral are ended. "From now o n the soul will be assisted

A Need to Extend the Social Responsibility to Modern Business Dissertation

A Need to Extend the Social Responsibility to Modern Business - Dissertation Example Royal Dutch Shell plc (shell) is Royal Dutch Shell plc is engaged in all principal aspects of the oil and natural gas industry, and also has interests in chemicals and additional interests in power generation and renewable energy. The Company operates in five segments: Exploration & Production, which searches for and recovers oil and natural gas around the world; Gas & Power, which liquefies and transports natural gas, and develops natural gas markets and related infrastructure; Oil Products, which include all of the activities necessary to transform crude oil into petroleum products; Chemicals, which produces and sells petrochemicals to industrial customers globally, and Other Industry Segments and Corporate, which include Renewables and Hydrogen. Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies, operating in more than 140 countries and territories, employing more than 109,000 people. (www.Shell.com) In order to alleviate the fears and doubts from the minds of the people of various strata, the Researcher has undertaken the assignment on behalf of the Company to make a comprehensive report on the compliance or otherwise by the Company, of its Social and Environmental Commitments globally by adopting a suitable research method and analysis. Before commencing the research analysis into the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility we need to have a basic understanding of the concept, the purpose of our study of this concept, the hypothesis which this paper aims to analyse followed by a literary review.

Steven Spielberg Essay Example for Free

Steven Spielberg Essay It is hard to imagine a person who has not heard of Steven Spielberg. He is one of the most renown, if not the most renown, American filmmakers of the century. His films have captivated and helped develop imaginations of contemporary society and remain among the most successful films ever made. Spielberg was born in Cincinnati on December 18th, 1946. His father was an electrical engineer, and his mother a concert pianist. Steven seemed to get the best elements from both of them. Spielberg had an early fascination with cinema and began making amateur films at a very young age. At 13, he won a local contest for his 40-minute film, Escape to Nowhere. Ironically, Steven was unable to get into a film school, so he settled for majoring in English Literature at California State University. After graduation, he set out to Hollywood, where he was determined to be successful. In 1974, he received his first break for The Sugarland Express. The film went on to win a Cannes Film Festival Award for best screenplay. The following year saw JAWS explode. This very successful horror film, depicting a man-eating shark, captured the attention of the world and has become part of contemporary pop culture. The movie was nominated for Best Picture at the Oscars and won several Oscars for technical categories and for its very distinctive score. JAWS was not the only film of his to make the 100 best films of the century list by the American Film Institute. Many of Steven Spielbergs works have been placed on that list, and many are so timeless, they will live in the hearts of generations to come. Such films as Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E. T. , Indiana Jones, and Jurassic Park have become legendary. In Spielbergs down time, he stringed together a personal little film about a suburban boy who befriends an earthbound alien, also known as E. T. for Extra-Terrestrial. It hit theaters in 1982 and became an instant classic and is still the defining film of his landmark-filled career. This magical and exceedingly sentimental film surpassed even George Lucas Star Wars to become one of the biggest domestic moneymakers of all time. He has the unparalleled talent of capturing peoples imagination and dreams, but at the same time tapping into humanities darkest nightmares. In 1993, Spielberg made Schindlers List, a haunting epic that showed the Holocaust in its ugly truth. The film would eventually win him a Best Picture Oscar. It has now become part of the regular curriculum in many schools and is considered by many to be the most significant film of this generation. In 1998, Spielberg came out with Saving Private Ryan, which captured war in gory and shocking detail as his soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy. This again shows his willingness to deal with larger, more serious issues. Further profiting as a producer of other directors its like Poltergeist, Back to the Future and Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Spielberg became one of the richest and most powerful players in Hollywood. In 1984, he founded Amblin Entertainment and used the E. T. logo as its trademark. While this was doing well, Spielberg wanted more control over his projects and did not want any other studios interfering with his work. In 1994, along with several other industry hotshots, they created the first new movie studio in Hollywood in over 75 years- Dreamworks. The company covers all its bases and produces live action and animated movies, music, computer games, arcades, television productions, and distribution. Spielberg owns approximately 22% of Dreamworks and he is worth around 1 billions dollars. His average salary is $238 million a year! A defining characteristic of a Steven Spielberg movie is the elaborate costs of making movies, huge box office returns, and many award nominations. For example, Jurassic Park was a special effects-laden adaptation of Michael Crichton dinosaur disaster novel of the same game that cost $70 million to make. But, it grossed $100 million in nine days on its way to completely shattering his own record in E. T. Schindlers List finally earned Spielberg his long-awaited Oscars for Best Director and Best Picture. Most people know that Steven Spielberg is a director, but not all know that he is an amazing producer and writer with endless movies and shows under his belt. Some examples of movies he directed are: JAWS (1975), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), E. T. (1982), Twilight Zone: The movie (1983), Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), Hook (1991), Jurassic Park (1993), The Lost World (1997), Amistad (1997), and Saving Private Ryan (1998). There are too many shows and movies to state in this paper that Spielberg has either produced or written. Some of these movies are: Poltergeist (1982), Gremlins (1984), Back to the Future (1985), Goonies (1985), Cape Fear (1991), Twister (1996), Men in Black (1997), Deep Impact (1998), and soon to be released in the Summer of 2001, Jurassic Park 3. Steven Spielberg has also written and produced many cartoon shows like Animaniacs that are still entertaining children five years later. Many of his movies have been cartoons such as: An American Tail (1986), The Land Before Time (1988), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), and Fievel Goes West (1991). No matter if a person is 5 or 50, every generation can find a Steven Spielberg movie that is to their liking. If a person watches a Spielberg film carefully, one can see many defining characteristics that are basically present in every movie. The storylines never cease to be interesting and deep. He will usually choose characters that the general public can relate to and issues that large groups of people have dealt with. For example, my grandfather fought in World War II and received a Purple Heart for being a POW. He is an avid fan of old war movies and can usually watch them with no problem because he says, they are not realistic enough. I went with my grandfather to see Saving Private Ryan in the theater and after 20 minutes, he starting shaking and crying and said he couldnt bear to watch because it was bringing back far too horrible memories. Many of his other war buddies had a similar reaction and stated that Saving Private Ryan was the most accurate depiction of the invasion of Normandy they had ever seen. Spielberg has a talent of recreating an event perfectly, right down to the exact set and even perfect gun replicas. The sets from Jurassic Park, Saving Private Ryan, Indiana Jones, and Schindlers List are extremely elaborate and enormous and cost millions of dollars. Archaeologists and prehistoric experts were brought in to oversee the miniature models of the dinosaurs and even the plants to ensure that they were as close to the truth as possible. Spielberg also uses a variety of camera angles to invoke moods and feelings in his viewers. He is famous for his head shots during an emotional scene and also letting you see through the eyes of various characters in his films. This makes the audience feel more involved in the movie and can keep the audience on the edge of their feet when something unexpected happens. Personally, I cant imagine what movies and television would be like if Steven Spielberg hadnt burst onto the scene some three decades ago. My first movie that I ever saw in the theater was E. T. when I was barely two years old. I can not begin to remember how many times I watched such classics like JAWS, Goonies, Gremlins, The Land Before Time, and An American Tail while growing up. Some of my fondest memories as a child was sitting with my two-year-old brother on my lap and watching little Petrie and Sarah in The Land Before Time. I would explain to him that Sharptooth wasnt really real and that he didnt have to hide under the covers at night. I used to ice skate when I was younger and chose theme songs from Spielberg films like Somewhere Out There from American Tail and the main song from Indiana Jones. In conclusion, Steven Spielberg is arguably the most famous and most recognized producer/writer/director in the world. His list of films is endless, as well as the awards he as been nominated for or won. My generation has grown up with his films and no matter what age a person may be, there is a Steven Spielberg movie out there for them to watch and love. Bibliography References Taylor, P. (1992). Steven Spielberg: The man, his movies, and their meaning. Continuuminternational. Powers, T. (1996). Steven Spielberg: Master Storyteller. Lerner Publishing Company. Brode, D. (1994). The Films of Steven Spielberg. Carol Publishing Group. Crawley, T. (1990). The Steven Spielberg Story. Morrow, William ; Company. McBride, J. (1997). Steven Spielberg. Simon and Schuster Trade. Knight, B. (1998). Steven Spielberg: Master of Movie Magic. Silver Burdett Press

Women at Work Essay -- Workplace Gender essays research papers

Women at Work Throughout the 20th century women have had to fight harder to get ahead in the male owned workplace. With obstacles such as discrimination, lower wages, and the lack of management positions, how are women competing with men? Are women accepting the treatment from society or is this the way it should be. No way! That is why women are fighting back. In today’s society women are as active as they have ever been in our workforce. In recent studies (Sociology Text Book) women have taken to the forefront in starting there own businesses yet they lag far behind there male counterparts in positions of corporate management. The Women’s Bureau of the U.S. Department of Labor lists the 20 leading occupations of employed women. Of these occupations which include teachers, nurses, and secretaries women outnumber men by more than 80 percent. Some of the other occupations that women perform more than men include retail sales clerks, customer service representatives, and office clerks. Women and men traditionally have worked in different specific occupations within the professional occupational category, a pattern that continued in 2005. For example, women were less likely than men to be employed in some of the highest-paying occupations, such as engineers and mathematical and computer scientists. Instead, women were more likely to work in lower paying professional occupations, such as teachers. Women have been know as the care givers in our society and that may be why wo...

Ethics of Offshoring Novo Nordisk

Critical issued of the appropriateness of conducting clinical trials in emerging countries has arisen over years. Being a leading company in biopharmaceutical industry, Novo Nordisk faces the critiques of whether it is justice to offshoring their clinical trials in developing economies. With the consistency of ethical principles brought up by Novo Nordisk, the company would be able to move their trials into emerging economies with the best interest for stakeholders. I will also propose ideas to Mr, Dejgaard for possible approach to media as well as the practices that Novo Nordisk could have changed over time at the end. Conducting Clinical Trials in Emerging Economies With Utilitarian approach, every party has different perspectives in the outcome of an action. In this case, we have shareholders, employees, customers, supply chain, government and local communities, with secondary stakeholders of media, special interest groups and NGOs. For customers, government and local communities, they emphasize more on the proof of efficacy and safety of medical products. While shareholders, employees, supply chain care more of the profitability as a whole in general. As a result, Novo Nordisk will be better off maximizing its profits while holding their ethical justice for conducting clinical trials in emerging countries. Economic Aspect As the Nobel prize winner, Milton Friedman pointed out that making profit will be the first priority for business to fulfill social responsibility, Novo Nordisk has every right to maximize its best interest for its stakeholders include shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments and local communities. From financial performance stand point, conducting clinical trials in emerging economies benefits Novo Nordisk from saving costs, accessing to larger demographic participant, obeying less strict rules applied, and establishing efficacy in different environmental onditions. Ethical Aspect On the other hand, firms should consider the corporate social responsibility brought by the society. Firms definitely need to incorporate their highest moral standards to build trust and reputation for themselves in order to better off in long run. Novo Nordisk always follows the regulation from Helsinki Declaration with other international ethical guidelines. They made sure that the inte rest and well-being of the trial subject should always transcend over the interest of science, society and commerce. Decision Principles Even though I think conducting clinical trials in emerging economies is beneficial to the firm, Novo Nordisk should still follow below guidelines for this major decision to protect its own reputation and serve the best interest for every stakeholder: †¢ Execute clinical trials when the internal organization is well established and external environment is proper regulated in emerging countries. †¢ Conduct placebo clinical trials when they are scientifically and ethically justified. †¢ Ensure the human rights of the participants in emerging countries associated with the predictable risks Responses to The Media I understand that Mr. Dejaard holds a high ethical stands, and is not interested in misleading the public or ethical dissembling in the response. It is also important to clear up the actions Novo Nordisk has taken for the past years and give public a clear picture of how the firm is operating. If a journalist is inviting for an interview, Mr. Dejaard should present himself into the public and response to the inquiry people have, otherwise, absence will only show irresponsible image that he might try to escape from the issue. Medical Ethics I will suggest Mr. Dejaard to pull out historical data indicating that the random checks investigated from Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the American and European authorities have never identified ethical problems in clinical trials in emerging economies. Second, assert the ethic codes from their company will help the publics to receive the image of Novo Nordisk has complied with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association. Ethical Business Media might inquiry the fairness of conducting placebo experiment in emerging countries by Novo Nordisk based on the industry trends in recent time. Mr. Dejaard could response to them that Novo Nordisk usually stay away from placebo trials, and only used in phase 1 trials which only healthy volunteers participated. Also, Novo Nordisk framed new business ethics policy in 2005 with generally accepted high standards while training managers and employees attending workshops and offering e-learning policy. To better respond to the media, Mr. Dejaard could also indicate that Novo Nordisk will try to implement some new action plan that could benefit stakeholders as a whole in order to minimize ethical conflicts. I suggest the following action plan for Novo Nordisk to benefit them in long run. Action Plan Enhance Auditing System To build trust for the stakeholder for Novo Nordisk, I believe the firm should develop a more solid auditing system. Instead auditing 10% of all trials, Novo Nordisk should increase the rate up to 50% or more. From a public view, 10% of investigating in all trials is not sufficient enough to prove that the trials are ethical conducted. With the increasing number of trials being audited and investigated, the quality of the clinical trials could be better controlled. Build up Placebo Experiment Standard In the â€Å"Clinical Trials: Novo Nordisk’s Position,† it pointed out that placebo will only be used as comparator when scientifically and ethical justified. It is quite unclear for public to know what would be an appropriate placebo experiment for Novo Nordisk to conduct while proven therapy is available. It is important to insiders to identify whether or not conducting placebo experiment under certain circumstances will have any additional risk and irreversible harm.

Ict Causes Social Ills

? 1. THEME :REVISIONTOPIC :MEC MID YEAR2009 Q2SKILLS :WRITING ? 2. QuestionInformation and communicationstechnology (ICT) is the cause oftoday’s many social ills. What isyour opinion? Support youranswer with examples. Youshould write at least 350 words. [60 marks] ? 3. Definition †¢ digital products, communication device/ application/ service ICT †¢ radio, TV, mobile phone, satellite system, Internet, computer, software †¢ causing troubles or suffering to the society and relations betweensocial ills people †¢ truancy, violence, erosion of culture, drug abuse, cyber-relationship ? . OUTLINE agree : ICT is the cause of today’s many social ills addiction obsession depression a condition of the state of being a persistent general emotionalenslaved to a habit preoccupation, dejection and or practice idea, or feeling withdrawal; great sadness SNS, online gambling, entertainment, SNS, anonymity, online games fashion, sports bullying, harassment ? 5. Sample answer MUET Trial 1/2013 ICT is the cause of today’s many social ills. I agree. ICT is thecause of today’s many social ills because it causes addictions, obsessionsand depressions.First, ICT causes addictions. Internet, satellite TV and onlineactivities are all accessible to anyone with no age, gender, religious orcultural restriction 24 hours a day. Having unlimited access to theInternet turns many people to addicts. Before ICT, there is no onlinegame, online gambling and pornographic addiction. For example, ICTcauses online game addiction which have even caused deaths. In Chinaand South Korea, there are cases of young parents neglected theirnewborn baby while busy creating new scores online for days.They didnot feed their child because to them, playing online games is moreimportant . Besides, with ICT, gambling is done around the clock. So,online gambling makes gambling accessible even to those who are faraway from gambling venues thus creating more gambling addicts. Otherthan that, ICT causes pornographic addiction. With endless access to allsorts of pornographic materials, people turn into addicts in no time. Before ICT, pornographic materials are not that easily available and now,by only ticking a certain box to indicate your age, even young kids couldaccess these types of unsuitable content.It is obvious that ICT givesway to addiction with its unrestricted accessibility and this leadsto social ills. ? 6. Second, ICT causes obsessions. ICT makes people obsessed withcelebrities of many kinds, entertainers, sportsmen and public figures. Before ICT,we read about celebrities on newspapers or magazines but ICT provides moresources. Worse, ICT permits and even encourages stalking. Social networkingsites like Twitter, glorifies stalking because a user gets to ‘follow’ anyone theywant . It used to be that a stalker needs to physically follow a celebrity but nowone can stalk anybody, not just celebrity.Before ICT, stalking is not announc edand not publicly done. Besides, a trend used to take some time before reachingour shore but with ICT it’s just a matter of seconds. Any trend is a worldwidetrend with ICT. Therefore, more people become fashion victims because they areobsessed with anything new. For example, one who is obsessed with fashionmight emulate a fashion trend of an idol but it might not be in accordance withour cultural values or even weather. In addition, with ICT, obsession gets moreoutlets.Fan forums and groups are created to encourage obsession where allobsessed fans gather. For example, in the 60s, teens all over the world wereobsessed with The Beatles but none of them could beat the obsession teensnowadays have on Justin Bieber. The ‘Beliebers’ wear, eat, drink and sleep Bieber. This causes social ills because in the long run, the fanatics might resort tosomething illegal such as stealing and cheating to get what they want. Theymight also develop a psychological disorder like â⠂¬ËœCelebrity Worship Syndrome’. They might neglect their responsibility.From this, it is clear that ICTprovides for obsessive behaviour and this leads to social ills. ? 7. Third, ICT causes depressions. ICT makes people depressed becausethey feel inferior. When other people flaunt their amazing life on SNS, some willfeel lacking thus feeling sad and self-pity. They will try to overcome theirdepression by turning to recreational drugs or even vandalism to forget theirinferiority. With ICT, one knows too much about others and jealousy could be thebeginning of depression. Some people are depressed because they do not feelbelonged.They might suffer from low self esteem because nobody likes theirFacebook updates or nobody comments on the uploaded pictures. Before ICT, onemight feel that sometime, but with ICT, the evidence is for others to see too andthis causes greater depression. Other than that, ICT makes people depressedbecause with ICT, bullying has greater impacts. School b ullies continue to bullyeven after school hours. Cyber bullying happens even amongst office workers. Bullying is not only physical but mostly emotional and virtual. Slanders are spreadmuch faster and reach more people thus reating more harmful effects. Thevictims suffer from great depression because they are alienated not only in thereal world but online. Some victims resort to self-destructive behaviour such asinflicting pain on themselves. Some turn anorexic and bulimic. Some developtrauma. The worst case scenario is the many cases of suicides due to cyberbullying. ICT facilitates bullying because harsh remarks are done anonymously,with no time limit. It is evident that ICT causes depressions and this leadsto social ills. ? 8. As a conclusion, ICT is the cause of today’s many social ills.ICT causesaddictions, obsessions and depressions and these negativity eventually will leadto social ills. Undeniably, ICT has its positive impacts but we have to be carefulof its detrimenta l negative impacts. We should take preventive measures so thatthe negative effects will not outweigh the positive effects. Social ills are thepublic’s concern and we should do our part to curb the problems. Task 1. Identify the opening statement, stand, thesis statement, topic sentences, elaborations, examples, micro-conclusion and conclusion. 2. Look up for meaning of new words you have encountered.

MBA program at St. Scholastica Essays

MBA program at St. Scholastica Essays MBA program at St. Scholastica Essay MBA program at St. Scholastica Essay The College of St. Scholastica, which is a private school, offers online MBA programs and the deadline for applying is open and rolling. St. Scholastica has all the online graduate business program classes recorded and archived for further use. The online MBA program at the St. Scholastica is not accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. This is the Gold standard of accreditation for business schools. The online business graduate program was founded in the academic year 2013-2014 but the total number of enrolled participants is not known. The tuition for both in-state and out-of-state students is $485. The deadline for the application process is open and rolling and the e-mail for admissions is [emailprotected] The deadline date is the same for US residents as well as out-of-state, international students. The director of admissions is Lindsay Lahti and the phone for info on admissions is 866 478 9277. St. Scholastica awards MBAs and it has both full-time and half-time faculty instructors that teach the online courses. The degree from this online MBA course can be earned online entirely. Campus-based students are not allowed to be part of these online business graduate programs. The recommended Internet speed for this online course is 56k and there is instructor response for any type of problem within 24 hours. The tuition for both part-time and full-time studies is equivalent to $485. This online MBA program is one of the best programs that become all time favorite among young students who want to become prominent in the business field. If you want to have a degree that is recognized in all of the American states, this is definitely the MBA program that you have to choose. All in all, we have to say that we are more than pleased with the outcome from this online program and its growing popularity.

American government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

American government - Essay Example However, the powers vested upon each of these branches are accordingly limited by checks and balances imposed by each of the three. In this light and upon the analysis of the limitations of power, it can be said that the most powerful amongst the three branches is the legislature and the weakest is the judiciary. This argument can be proven by explaining the tasks of the three branches and by elaborating the checks and balances which limit the powers of each. The executive branch is tasked with the proper and due execution of laws. The highest degree of power rests upon the president, his secretaries and other directors of other offices such as the Central Intelligence Agency, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Peace Corps, and the U.S. Postal Service (Cengage). Checks and balances limit the amount of influence the administration Congressional intervention. The legislature has the power to override the presidential veto with two-thirds vote. Executive decisions are also depende nt on the approval of the Congress when it comes to treaties and appointments. To add to this, petitions for impeachment filed against officials from the executive branch are forwarded to the legislation for execution and trial (Cengage).

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Special education - Coursework Example All children are being handled in the inclusion class to help them interact and socialize with other students. The syllabus learnt by students with special needs is the same as those learnt by others. The inclusion of all children in the same class has necessitated the use of learning aids to help children with special needs in the learning process. Training of teachers has also been intensified to enable teachers in regular classes handle both students with special needs and those without special needs at the same time. (Friend, 2011) The three, IDEA, section 504 and ADA are legislations aimed at protecting the people with disabilities in various aspects. Thus, they are similar in that they all advocate for the rights of those with disabilities. The application of each of the law is what makes them different. IDEA is a federally funded law that provides financial assistance to the state and local education agencies to aid in the provision of special education to the disabled children and other services that these children require. IDEA added autism and traumatic brain injury to the Education of Handicapped Act to enable those suffering from these disabilities to access special education like other special needs children. Section 504, unlike IDEA, is not federally funded. The 504 law is against discrimination of the handicapped persons in programs and activities funded by the federal government whether in the private or public sector. The ADA on the other hand, unlike IDEA and section 504, caters for both the righ ts of the handicapped in the private and public sector. The ADA law prohibits discrimination of the disabled in employment, public service and accommodation. While IDEA covers only children of between 3-21 years of age with disabilities, ADA and section 504 protects all persons who qualify as being disabled through having a physical or mental impairment. Groups not eligible for IDEA and have special needs are students

(Film adaptation)should be named in accordance with the thesis Research Paper

(Film adaptation)should be named in accordance with the thesis statement - Research Paper Example s who were graced with the opportunity of reading Mark O’Brien’s insightful and thought provoking article upon its initial publication in 1990 must have been touched by the profoundness of the story and the raw streak of honesty which prevails in the author’s recollection of a journey which triggered and fulfilled the exploration of his sexuality. Yet, it is the 2012 adaptation of O’Brien’s article under the name of The Sessions starring John Hawkes as Mark O’Brien and Helen Hunt as sex surrogate Cheryl Cohen-Greene that delves into a greater comprehension of the psychological elements of disability, which is a state that for the most part has always been associated with physical consequences rather than accepting the emotional characteristics which are linked with it. The elements that transform the article â€Å"On Seeing a Sex Surrogate† into the motion picture The Sessions are rooted in O’Brien’s discussion of his life’s intimate details openly with the priest, the development of a bond of love between himself and Cheryl and his discovery of a life partner in Susan. These factors reemphasize and restate the idea that the positive molding of an individual’s psychological state through love, acceptance and understanding can trigger a profound change in one’s self-image. While, this phenomenon is gradually observed by the audience throughout the course of the film it is eventually witnessed and reaffirmed when the emotional outburst of the three most important women in his life – his nurse, Cheryl and his life partner in the last phase of his existence is projected at Mark’s funeral. Therefore, The Sessions is an insight into the life of disabled individuals who have to fight through life de aling with psychological issues that are prompted by the negative attitude of society and religious construct towards invalids’ sexuality and how these issues can be resolved through the application of positive psychology including the transformation

Regionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Regionalism - Essay Example In this sense regionalism is seen to provide a buffer against the run away train of globalisation, yet, as we shall see in many ways regionalism's aims quite often run parallel to those of globalism. Keohane and Nye (2000) define globalism as the "state of the world involving networks of interdependence at multicontinental distances."1 Regionalism, on the other hand, can be defined as the move by two or more states towards greater political, economic and social integration. Oman (1999) claims that it can be a "process, driven by the same microeconomic forces that drive globalisation or it can be a process, driven by political forces, which may in turn be motivated by security, economic, or other objectives."2 Both globalism and regionalism have the ability to stretch over the economic, social and political institutions of a country. The definition of regionalism has changed over the last twenty-five years. Dutta (1999) claims that since the end of the Cold War "regionalization has become more economic than political. The two international arrangements that dominated the political and economic dialogues over the past several decades have come to outlive their usefulness."3 The opening of the global economy and the intensity of change in technological areas since this time have resulted in an assortment of pressures upon states. States, in turn, are adapting to these pressures by taking part in regional trading blocs. For Habermas (2001) globalisation and its challenges must be offset by an expansion of political authority that reaches beyond the national but does not go to the extent of being global."4 In addition, Lupel adds, "If under conditions of globalisation the state has begun to lose its capacity to protect its people from the exigencies of the world economy, and if processes of globalisation have left i nfluential forces beyond the steering capacities of the democratic nation-state, then political change is clearly on the agenda. The integration of separate nation-states into new political and economic units is seen as one way to respond to this new conjuncture."5 Regional ties differ from global ties in that they bring together groups of nations who share linguistic, cultural or historic similarities. They present an 'us' and 'them' scenario with the rest of the world. While the global community has no "ethical political self-understanding of citizens" a regional one does and according to Habermas that is essential for developing a sense of identity and solidarity.6 These regions may also give smaller countries a platform to push issues of their own concern. Oman (1999) claims that because bargaining power in multilateral trade negotiations depends largely on domestic market size a regional grouping should have greater bargaining power than any of its members would have individually.7 In addition, Fernandez Jilberto and Mommen (1998) state, "Regional arrangements provide external credibility for their own programmes of trade and investment liberalization, as well as wider market access, particularly in the protection-prone industrialized capitalist world.8 For many developing and smaller countries regionalism would serve to re-emphasise collective autonomy in relation to US and the EU economic policies.9 Aside from forming

Why It Is Important To Study Organizational Behavior Essay

Why It Is Important To Study Organizational Behavior Essay INTRODUCTION According to (Robins Judge, 10th, p.2), Organizational Behavior studies the influence and impact that individuals, groups, and organizational structure have on behavior within organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness. In the business world today, Organizational Behavior is an essential tool for managing effective teams and it helps to understand and predict human behavior in an organization. It studies on how organizations can be structures more accurately, and how several events in their outside situations effect organizations. It has become more significant today than in previous years because organizations must master to adapt to the rapidly changing business cultures that have stemmed from a competitive market. In order to know how to handle a new workforce, and cope with the challenges of the new environment, the employers need to deliver their message about behavior and attitude of groups, and individuals in corporation. According to Graham and Krueger (1996), soft skills were never a part of management training and it was precious that employers were advised for possessing those skills. If employer can understands on an employees adaptability, personality, and creativity, motivating that employee the way he need to be motivated is never a gray area and a guaranteed success. Question (A): Why it is important to study Organizational Behavior? The study of organizational behavior is one of the most significant elements in the management sciences, as it makes management learn from what has succeeded elsewhere. Generally, financial strength is a measure of the organizations past success. What determines whether the organization will continue to deliver sought-after products, will continue to develop cutting edge technology, will continue to make the right options about which direction the market is going to go, will continue to make sound investments, is the people and the organizational culture and structure. According to Casey Reader (2010), different organizational structures will show different types of organizations that each has strengths and weaknesses. There are four main elements which are Motivation, Culture, Change, and System. According to Motivation, it draws that individual behave differently when they are in groups. Major of the study of organizational behavior has aimed on how best to motivate group of individuals. Professionals have figure that it often doesnt matter exactly what you do, but merely that employees are aware of your efforts to motivate. Based on Culture, when individual communicate with one another over an extended period of time they intentionally to deliver a selective culture that determines how tasks get completed and common attitudes. Organizational theorists tend to practice this culture and how it influences behavior. Strong cultures align with the overall goals of an organization, such as having an emphasis on innovation. On the other hand, weak cult ures degrade from business goals, and cause conflicts, such as overemphasizing bureaucratic rule-following. Today, Motivation and Culture are important to practice with Organizational Behavior because major organizations are encouraging team approach to solve difficulties. Todays post-industrial hi-tech organization requires knowledge intensive work environment and demands creativity from its own employees. Employers gave awareness to Organizational Behavior or soft skill training. The industrial revolution created the wants for hard skills. Employees who work in production line and were not required thinking or communicating to each other. But now, instead of standing behind the production line, employees need to sit in front of a computer, and control machine equipment who works in the production line. Now, employees are not only required to learn new technical skills but also how to communicate, negotiate, decentralize, and motivate within each other. Based on (Morgan, 1997: 5), we have to accept that any theory or perspective that we bring to the study of organization and management, while capable of creating valuable insights, is also incomplete, biased, and potentially misleading. Organizational behavior shows the important key points as Regulatory, and Radical. Basically, Regulatory helps to draw what goes on in organizations, possibly to present minor changes that might improve them, but not to make any basic judgment about whether what happens is correct or incorrect. Radical tends to make judgments about the way that organizations ought to be and provide recommendations on how this could be accomplished. Traditional organization used to practice Regulatory while new modern organization tends to act Radical. To well organize in budget controlling, new modern organization in today doesnt willing to give a long time for bank credit cards salesperson to hit their sales target. New modern organizations urge to get the results fr om salesperson whereas the salesperson should hit their monthly sales on time and accurately, if the salesperson failed to hit the target continuously in few months, employers reserved the rights to terminate the employee. Conversely, traditional organizations used to act Regulatory whereas Hire and Fire policy will never be the options for a traditional organization to behave. Employers are patient enough and theyre willing to spend times to educate, guide, and monitor an employees performance. Based on (Taylor, 1911: Fayol, 1949), the orthodox view in organization theory has been based predominantly on the metaphors of machine and organism. The metaphor of a machine underwrites the work of the classical management theorists. According to Figure 1, it draws the three concepts for understanding the nature and organization of social science, which is Paradigms, Metaphors, and Puzzle Solving. Metaphor plays an important role in organization behavior. Metaphor is frequently regarded as no more than a literary and descriptive device for embellishment, but more fundamentally is a creative form which generates its effect though a crossing of images. Based on Figure 2, by Burrell and Morgan (1979), functionalist paradigm, which is also named as objective-regulation, is the first paradigm for organizational study. Its also a strong outline for the study of organizations and assume that rational human actions and believes one can be understand through the hypothesis testing. Due to the problem-solving orientation which is leads to rational explanation. It seeks to provide rational explanations of human affairs and its pragmatic and deeply rotten in sociological positivism. Relationships are concrete and can be identified studied and measured via science. Functionalist paradigm is based on upon the assumption that society has a concrete, real existence, and a systemic character oriented to produce an ordered and regulated state of affairs, it encourages an approach to social theory that focuses upon understanding the role of human begins in society. Behavior is always seen as being contextually bound in a real world of concrete and tangible social relationships. The functionalist perspective is primarily regulative and pragmatic in its basic orientation, concerned with understanding community in a way which arise useful empirical knowledge. According to Figure 2, by Burrell and Morgan (1979), interpretative paradigm, which is also called as subjective-regulation, is the paradigm whether organizations exist in any real sense beyond the conceptions of social actors, so understanding must be based on the experience of people who work in them. Basically, individuals seek to explain the stability of behavior from the selective viewpoint. Interpretative also explain the behavior from the individuals viewpoint. It emphasized the spiritual nature of the world. The interpretative social theorist tends to understand the process through which shared multiples realities arise, are sustained and changed. Like the functionalist, the interpretative approach is based on the assumption and belief that there is an underlying pattern and order within the social world. However, the interpretative theorist looks the functionalists attempt to institute an objective social science as an unattainable end. Question (B): How this learning may be useful to you in the future? According to (Krech, Cruthfield and Ballachey, 1962), leadership draws as a personality trait. Leadership has traditionally been seen as a distinctly interpersonal phenomenon demonstrated in the interactions between leaders and subordinates. The differential characteristics and career experiences likely to influence the development of these selected skills also are considered along with the implications of these observations for leadership theory and for the career development of organizational leaders. Due to (Jeroen P.J. de Jong, and Deanne N. Den Hartog, 1990), the leadership abstracts purpose is to provide an inventory of leader behaviors likely to enhance employees innovative behavior, and including idea generation and application behavior. In order to be most effective, leaders in an organization must have a clear vision and understanding of the organizational structure. With the well observation of Organizational Behavior, individuals can built a good and high quality of leade rship throughout this selected observation. Individuals able to own a good personality traits, and known well with the own roles and responsibilities of a leader. Human beings encourage seeking satisfaction in every phase of their life. From satisfying their basic primal needs and wants, which is hunger, thirst, rest and social interaction, the complex community today has its benchmark of goals and fulfillment that should be accomplished by individuals. This selective set of fulfillment and goals encloses securing a good job, preferably with a good pay and hopefully, with a high level of job satisfaction. There is no fixed and formal guideline on how to overcome challenges at work into a motivation for individuals to reach job satisfaction, so that with the good practicing of Organizational Behavior, individuals are able to well handle the task pressure, and overcome the variety of challenges. Due to the research and learning of Organizational Behavior, individuals will be able to present and well-practiced a positive working attitude towards his own task and job responsibilities. This selected learning of Organizational Behavior helps individ ual to create self-awareness all the times. Individuals will be able to draw and execute his own action plan, and well known the current position of him, and be aware of where is the next position he is going to reach. CONCLUSION Organizational Behavior is the application of knowledge about how peoples, individuals, and groups act and react in an organization, in order to reach and accomplish the highest quality of performances, and dominant results. One way for an organization to become more innovative is to capitalize on its own employees to innovate. All organizations and groups experience the direct relationship between job satisfaction, and performance. In order to maximize the performance of those within a system, it is significant important to develop an optimal interpersonal chemistry. There is more evidence that the teaching and implementation of soft skills should get higher emphasis in education and organization training process, but it should only complement hard skills, not substitute for it.